See Sumach on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "sumach"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German sumach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sumac"
},
"expansion": "Old French sumac",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "osp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "zumaque"
},
"expansion": "Spanish zumaque",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "roa-oit",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Italian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "sommacco"
},
"expansion": "Italian sommacco",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ar",
"3": "سُمّاق"
},
"expansion": "Arabic سُمّاق (summāq)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "syc",
"3": "ܣܘܡܩܐ",
"4": "",
"5": "red; sumac",
"tr": "summāqā"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac ܣܘܡܩܐ (summāqā, “red; sumac”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German sumach, from Old French sumac, probably through Old Spanish (modern Spanish zumaque) or alternatively Old Italian (modern Italian sommacco), from Arabic سُمّاق (summāq), from Classical Syriac ܣܘܡܩܐ (summāqā, “red; sumac”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Sumachs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumach",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumache",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumachs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumache",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumachs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumachs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumache",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumachs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumachen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumachs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumache",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumachs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m,(s),e:s"
},
"expansion": "Sumach m (strong, genitive Sumachs or Sumach, plural Sumache or Sumachs)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m,(s),e:s"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sumac, any of several shrubs or trees of the genus Rhus"
],
"id": "en-Sumach-de-noun-u2QnCea7",
"links": [
[
"sumac",
"sumac"
],
[
"Rhus",
"Rhus#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈzuːmaχ/"
}
],
"word": "Sumach"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{pl}}}",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Sumach",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Sumach",
"name": "frm-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "frm",
"name": "Cities in Azerbaijan",
"orig": "frm:Cities in Azerbaijan",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "frm",
"name": "Places in Azerbaijan",
"orig": "frm:Places in Azerbaijan",
"parents": [
"Places"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
33,
39
]
],
"ref": "1608, L’histoire du monde, volume 1, Paris, page 164:",
"text": "LE Roy Seleucus fonda la cité de Sumach, principale ville de Seruan qui eſt par delà Silephica la grande, enuiron ſept cents cinquante milles, & à vingt milles pres des deſtroits de Derbant.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Shamakhi (a city in Azerbaijan)"
],
"id": "en-Sumach-frm-name-SIggmJS7",
"links": [
[
"Shamakhi",
"Shamakhi#English"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"Azerbaijan",
"Azerbaijan#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "Sumach"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "sumach"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German sumach",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "fro",
"3": "sumac"
},
"expansion": "Old French sumac",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "osp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "zumaque"
},
"expansion": "Spanish zumaque",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "roa-oit",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Italian",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "sommacco"
},
"expansion": "Italian sommacco",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "ar",
"3": "سُمّاق"
},
"expansion": "Arabic سُمّاق (summāq)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "syc",
"3": "ܣܘܡܩܐ",
"4": "",
"5": "red; sumac",
"tr": "summāqā"
},
"expansion": "Classical Syriac ܣܘܡܩܐ (summāqā, “red; sumac”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German sumach, from Old French sumac, probably through Old Spanish (modern Spanish zumaque) or alternatively Old Italian (modern Italian sommacco), from Arabic سُمّاق (summāq), from Classical Syriac ܣܘܡܩܐ (summāqā, “red; sumac”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Sumachs",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumach",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumache",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumachs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "de-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumache",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumachs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumachs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumache",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumachs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumachen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumachs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumache",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Sumachs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m,(s),e:s"
},
"expansion": "Sumach m (strong, genitive Sumachs or Sumach, plural Sumache or Sumachs)",
"name": "de-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m,(s),e:s"
},
"name": "de-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German entries with incorrect language header",
"German lemmas",
"German masculine nouns",
"German nouns",
"German terms derived from Arabic",
"German terms derived from Classical Syriac",
"German terms derived from Middle High German",
"German terms derived from Old French",
"German terms derived from Old Italian",
"German terms derived from Old Spanish",
"German terms inherited from Middle High German",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"sumac, any of several shrubs or trees of the genus Rhus"
],
"links": [
[
"sumac",
"sumac"
],
[
"Rhus",
"Rhus#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"strong"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈzuːmaχ/"
}
],
"word": "Sumach"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "proper noun",
"3": "",
"4": "{{{pl}}}",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "Sumach",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "Sumach",
"name": "frm-proper noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French proper nouns",
"Middle French terms with quotations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for translations of Middle French quotations",
"frm:Cities in Azerbaijan",
"frm:Places in Azerbaijan"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
33,
39
]
],
"ref": "1608, L’histoire du monde, volume 1, Paris, page 164:",
"text": "LE Roy Seleucus fonda la cité de Sumach, principale ville de Seruan qui eſt par delà Silephica la grande, enuiron ſept cents cinquante milles, & à vingt milles pres des deſtroits de Derbant.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Shamakhi (a city in Azerbaijan)"
],
"links": [
[
"Shamakhi",
"Shamakhi#English"
],
[
"city",
"city"
],
[
"Azerbaijan",
"Azerbaijan#English"
]
]
}
],
"word": "Sumach"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Sumach meaning in All languages combined (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.